More importantly, the Three Laws of Robotics were written specifically to be broken, as each story about them feature some sort of quandary or perceived paradox regarding how they interact with each other. There's also a "Zeroth Law" that was introduced in the Foundation series.
Although they have been an influential cornerstone of Science Fiction, remember they they are really nothing more than a narrative tool for creating compelling stores
So instead, lets look at it another way. Say you're writing a story that incorporates Asimov's Laws of Robotics. How does that shape the story?
First, what are the Laws of Robotics?
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws
N-Mario wrote:a robot is unable to harm a human. Though does that change if one is actually programmed to do so?
A robot cannot be programmed to harm a Human. Though the Second Law states that it can be programmed "Follow orders", if following any such programming results in a Human to be harmed, either through direct action or inaction, this would violate the First Law, and so the Robot would not be able to obey it. It is important to remember that the Three Laws are built into something akin to the Robot's Firmware, or Kernal, or something deeper still, so no amount of programming will allow a robot to ignore these laws
N-Mario wrote:if they are intentionally programmed to swallow you whole, is that considered harm
It is only considered harmful if whether through direct action, or through inaction, the Human would come to harm
N-Mario wrote:Would it depend what the inside of the robot looks like after eating/swallowing you? Since we're talking about robots, there wouldn't be any digestion, or could there be? Like, some could be built with a digestive simulator somehow i guess.
There most certainly could be some kind of robot built to have a traditional digestive system. Asimov's "The Bicentennial Man" features a Robot who, in his quest to become Human, has one created and installed so that he could eat food like the Humans do.
N-Mario wrote:Or perhaps just metal grinders, in which case would be harming the human.
Yes, this would most definitely result in harm, both through action and possibly through inaction
N-Mario wrote:For example, in my fantasy, my robot dolphin would be capable of swallowing me whole, but only to keep me safe in its fluffy belly. So would this be filed for protection rather than harm in this case in terms of laws of robotics?
So, to satisfy your fantasy, your robot Dolphin can swallow you either by order (Second Law) or to protect you (First Law) so long as doing so will not actively harm you (no chewing, turning off any digestive acids it may have) or cause you harm through incident (peristaltic pressure from swallowing and moving you through the esophagus, squeezing you into the stomach, providing you sufficient breathable air in the stomach, and not accidentally injuring you as it moves around)
Although I love robotics and robot stories, my own tastes in vore don't really go that way, so I can't really point you to any specific examples, but I hope this has helped answer questions about the Laws themselves